Pathfinder escribió:Los alemanes han tenido que ver muy mal las cosas para optar por un producto de la competencia antes de desarrollar uno propio.
Los alemanes no sustituyen el Praetorian DASS por el sistema Arexis de Saab. El desarrollo de la nueva versión del Praetorian continúa por parte de los socios, entre ellos Alemanias, y los nuevos Quadriga que han pedido incluyen el Praetorian, no el Arexis
eurofighter_world_2021-02 escribió:Following the announcement in April that Germany’s Eurofighter Typhoon Quadriga programme will feature the Praetorian Defensive Aids Sub-System (DASS) we look at what it provides the aircraft and discuss more about Electronic Warfare (EW). We asked Fiona Clark, Capability Manager for Electronic Warfare Sensors at Leonardo UK, to give us an expert overview.
El Arexis es para hacer un retrofit de 15 Eurofighters de tranchas anteriores, de los que ya dispone Alemania. Presumiblemente biplazas, aunque esto no ha sido confirmado, que yo sepa.
Se puede entender que ahí, a esas 15 unidades, les quitan el DASS que llevan actualmente, y lo sustituyen, en vez de por un Praetorian DASS más moderno, por el Arexis. A mí modo personal de entenderlo, esto solamente tendría sentido si el sistema Arexis que adquieren incluye las barquillas subalares, lo cual no está confirmado y, aunque tampoco está descartado, las noticias que hemos leído apuntan más bien a que no se incluirían las barquillas. Para mí, no tendría sentido que no se incluyesen. Para eso, actualiza al nuevo Praetorian DASS. (¿Si no les gustase el Praetorian, para qué continúan en el programa y por qué se piden los Quadriga con el Praetorian?). Ahora, también es posible que, por el motivo extraño que fuese, actualizar el DASS de esos Eurofighters ¿Trancha 1? al Praetorian cueste más que ponerle el Arexis, lo cual, incluso sin añadirle las barquillas subalares, sería una explicación razonable.
Acerca de lo que hace el (Praetorian) DASS (a fijarse en lo que hacen énfasis):
Essentially, the Praetorian system helps pilots see by sensing electromagnetic energy in the environment around them that comes from something that could harm them. It listens to radars and laser systems and looks out for missiles approaching the platform. It gives the pilot ‘situational awareness’, a picture of the environment around them. They are constantly aware of the danger level and where any possible threat is.
Then, if they need[/b] it the EW system helps keep them safe through deployment of appropriate [b]countermeasures. These are designed to prevent adversary attacks from being successful. They work by either confusing or deceiving the enemy into thinking that you're not there or are somewhere else.
Yo diría que el foco está en detectar. ¿Contramedidas? Sí, el "chaff" inteligente, por ejemplo. También algo de jamming, pero está claro que el énfasis no está en eso.
A mí me parece indicativo lo que comenta en la primera respuesta y dónde pone el foco en ella. Dicho esto, en una segunda respuesta más elaborada, añade:
With countermeasures you are either trying to ‘disappear’ or persuade the threat that's looking at you that he really wants to look some other way. Praetorian can do both or combinations of each — it’s a form of what’s been dubbed ‘digital stealth’. Of course, no aircraft can be invisible, but you can make yourself very small and hard to find. Some aircraft do it by their shape or their skin, known as “stealth”, Eurofighter does this digitally.
Praetorian transmits waveforms that make it harder for an adversary to find it. For instance, it can increase the background noise that the
radar must overcome, and then hide in this digital smokescreen. In physics terms that’s the equivalent of making yourself a much smaller target. The system can also transmit waveforms to make the enemy think there is a better target elsewhere.
The beauty of using digital stealth is that it can adapt to any changes in the threat, without having to make any design changes to the aircraft
shape or covering.
Con respecto a la última frase, matizar que si además tienes "una piel furtiva" (para ciertas longitudes de onda), te va a ser más fácil usar la la furtividad digital (para esas longitudes de onda).
HOW DOES THE PRAETORIAN DEFENSIVE AIDS SUB-SYSTEM (DASS) COMPARE TO RIVAL SYSTEMS?
Praetorian is world class in its signal processing and identification capability. But the thing that makes Praetorian stand out is that it has been designed to be completely adaptable – in terms of the way the software is configured and optimised— and this allows users to adapt what it does based on how data is programmed.
Adaptability was a core design aim from the start, and it means the Eurofighter Praetorian system is completely mission programmable. Each operating nation can decide exactly how they want the system to behave, so for example, can optimise how it searches the environment for threats, or the countermeasure ures it uses when it detects something.
It also offers operators a rapid turnaround. They can quickly get recorded data off the aircraft, analyse it, and then programme threat data for the next mission, so that the next time they fly the system is updated. That makes Praetorian incredibly powerful because the pilot has the best, most up-to-date information. Not surprisingly, this programmability and adaptability is highly valued by the forces that use it.
O sea que el Praetorian español no va a funcionar igual que el alemán o el saudí. Sobre las bases de lo que permite, que funcione mejor o peor depende de cómo cada país lo programa. Esto, no sucede con el F35 (a excepción, probablamente, de los F35 israelíes), para bien y para mal.
Pathfinder escribió:No obstante el DASS era una de las partes "debiles" del Typhoon tal y como creo recordar comentaron los suizos en su informe. Y que yo sepa no se le había tocado apenas nada desde aquella.
Sí, algo así leí yo también. Sin embargo, he leído una alegación (de parte del consorcio Eurofighter o del EuroDASS -no me acuerdo-) que aquello se debió a que no tenían las firmas actualizadas. He intentado buscar el artículo donde lo leí, pero no lo encuentro. Juraría que era en el la revista Eurofighter World, pero he buscado sin éxito, por lo que a lo mejor lo leí en otro sitio.
En cualquier caso, lo que decían era que el problema no era el DASS en sí, sino que no le habían cargado las firmas. Y eso cuadra con la cita que he puesto arriba, que, para bien y para mal (en este caso para mal), el DASS permite ser configurado y actualizado con firmas propias. Pero claro, si no las tienes... (¿Cómo vamos en España con nuestros SIGINT...?)
Pathfinder escribió:Con el Pod arexis podrías llevarlo en el punto central húmedo, pierdes 1 pero al menos conservas las otras 2 estaciones húmedas.
¿Es eso así? A mí modo de entender, el Arexis utiliza 2 pods, no 1 sólo.
Concretamente, si te fijas en este vídeo, las cápsulas en las puntas de las alas se usarían para detectar y localizar (lógico, debido a la máxima separación) y perturbar misiles entrantes (autodefensa). Pero para realizar perturbaciones más avanzadas y, según el vídeo, crear múltiples "imágenes" falsas, se usan
las dos capsulas subalares adicionales.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORMP_wCPdmg&t=134shttps://www.key.aero/article/making-eurofighter-typhoon-today-fit-tomorrowInitial Eurofighter EK capability is expected to be available by 2028, followed by further development steps and full integration into the FCAS ecosystems. The EK concept will feature a new twin-seat cockpit configuration with a multi-function panoramic touch display and a dedicated mission cockpit for the rear-seat
https://fullfatthings-keyaero.b-cdn.net ... 90878.jpeg
The 38 new ‘Tranche 4’ Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft being supplied to the Luftwaffe under the Quadriga programme (and 20 new Typhoons for Spain under Project Halcon) will be fitted with the ECRS Mk 1 radar. In its initial form, this will be little more than a Hensoldt-built version of the ECRS Mk 0 fitted to Kuwaiti and Qatari aircraft, though it will be progressively improved. These aircraft will also be equipped with the latest iteration of the Praetorian Defensive Aids Sub-System (DASS), which will provide enhanced protection, situational awareness, and advanced electronic deception techniques.
Because Praetorian is an open and programmable electronic warfare system, it allows for the rapid iteration of Mission Data – which has always been something of a Typhoon signature capability. Mission Data (gathered by the Typhoon and by national and allied ISR and SIGINT platforms) can be downloaded after a mission, iterated into a new mission data load, and uploaded to the Typhoon in hours – on occasion, even between individual Red Flag sorties. This allows the DASS, radar and other systems to be fine-tuned to optimise them for the actual situation in the battlespace. In addition, P3EC introduces integrated operational mission support, allowing the use of intelligent or more automated mission data, which promises to keep the Typhoon at the leading edge of Mission Data.
Y de nuevo la mención de que en el DASS se pueden (¡y deben!) cargar las firmas. Menciona que va a haber una especie de automatismo que permite usar el DASS como SIGINT para cargar los datos en los Eurofighters para la siguiente misión cuasi el día siguiente.
Esa flexibilidad, que es buena y mala a la vez, dependiendo de si tienes inteligencia de señales propia, no está disponible con el F35 (salvo que seas israelí, probabablemente):
This will be in contrast to Germany’s new F-35As, whose Mission Data iteration cycle will rely on what the US programme supplies, which will be much longer, less frequent, and may not be able to use sovereign national data.
With its repositioner, ECRS Mk 2 also has a much wider field of regard than rival fighter radars. This allows it to scan a much bigger ‘cake slice’ – looking out at much greater azimuth angles and providing greater range at these higher off-boresight angles. In a typical Beyond Visual Range missile engagement, this will allow the Typhoon pilot to get the ‘first look’ and the ‘first shot’, and it will then allow him to ‘crank’ harder, turning away from the enemy fighter further. This will make the Typhoon less vulnerable to a return missile shot while still keeping the target in the radar’s scan and supporting a missile in flight with any mid-course updates.
Because ECRS Mk 2 has a large ‘dish’ with significantly more Transmit-Receive Elements than other fighter radars it has impressive levels of focused power and can generate an exceptionally high-powered, focused electronic attack. This promises to allow RAF Typhoon pilots to locate and identify enemy air defence systems and suppress them using high-powered jamming – adding the suppression/destruction of enemy air defences (SEAD/DEAD) role to the Eurofighter Typhoon’s multi-role mission set.
A Typhoon equipped with ECRS Mk 2 will be a very survivable platform, so while the enemy may know that the aircraft is ‘in the area’, it won’t be able to do anything about it! This will allow Typhoon to operate as what one programme insider described as a ‘brute squad’, with the Typhoon pilot not having to worry about his signature.
Bueno, ¡menos lobos!, se podría decir. Cierto en parte, en parte, no.
The Eurofighter EK will form the escort jammer component of an airborne electronic attack (AEA) system-of-systems. This will be augmented by a stand-off jammer aircraft and unmanned stand-in jammer effectors.
Eso sin las cápsulas subalares de Arexis, sólo con el componente en las puntas de las alas, no lo veo posible.
The selection of an airborne electronic attack (AEA) jammer payload was expected to follow a review by the BAAINBw German procurement agency by the end of 2022. This seems likely to be a new pod being developed by Hensoldt and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, which will integrate Hensoldt’s Kalaetron Attack technology into the Rafael Sky Shield pod.
Este es un artículo de agosto del año pasado, lo cual no me parece tan viejo. Pero sigue erre que erre con Hensoldt-Rafael, sin mencionar Saab Arexis. Y eso que en junio del año pasado ya que publicaba la siguiente noticia acerca de la elección del Arexis:
https://euro-sd.com/2023/06/news/32356/saabs-arexis-ew-suite-selected-for-luftwaffes-eurofighter-eks/Germany’s Federal Office of Bundeswehr Equipment, Information Technology and In-Service Support (BAAINBw) has selected Saab’s Arexis sensor suite as the preferred solution to upgrade 15 of the Luftwaffe’s Eurofighters into electronic warfare (EW) variants (which Germany refers to as Elektronischer Kampf (EK) variants), the company announced on 16 June 2023.
Selection of the Arexis suite came after the BAAINBw conducted a market survey that “assessed the products of European and international EW providers, considering aspects such as performance, integration and route to certification”, according to Saab. Rafael Advanced Defense Systems (ADS) and Hensoldt had also bid for the requirement with Rafael’s Sky Shield EW pod and Hensoldt’s Kalaetron Attack jamming system.
The EK upgrade is to be completed by 2028,
Mi no entender. The CEO of Hensoldt, Thomas Müller, said that he hoped to: “Offer the Luftwaffe a sovereign solution to the timely capability transfer of the Tornado ECR (Electronic Combat and Reconnaissance) and, at the same time, to expand the capabilities of the Eurofighter by an escort jamming solution proven in modern operational scenarios.” The new pod is expected to be integrated under P5E in 2030.